-
1 Black, Harold Stephen
[br]b. 14 April 1898 Leominster, Massachusetts, USAd. 11 December 1983 Summitt, New Jersey, USA[br]American electrical engineer who discovered that the application of negative feedback to amplifiers improved their stability and reduced distortion.[br]Black graduated from Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts, in 1921 and joined the Western Electric Company laboratories (later the Bell Telephone Laboratories) in New York City. There he worked on a variety of electronic-communication problems. His major contribution was the discovery in 1927 that the application of negative feedback to an amplifier, whereby a fraction of the output signal is fed back to the input in the opposite phase, not only increases the stability of the amplifier but also has the effect of reducing the magnitude of any distortion introduced by it. This discovery has found wide application in the design of audio hi-fi amplifiers and various control systems, and has also given valuable insight into the way in which many animal control functions operate.During the Second World War he developed a form of pulse code modulation (PCM) to provide a practicable, secure telephony system for the US Army Signal Corps. From 1963–6, after his retirement from the Bell Labs, he was Principal Research Scientist with General Precision Inc., Little Falls, New Jersey, following which he became an independent consultant in communications. At the time of his death he held over 300 patents.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electronic and Radio Engineers Lamme Medal 1957.Bibliography1934, "Stabilised feedback amplifiers", Electrical Engineering 53:114 (describes the principles of negative feedback).21 December 1937, US patent no. 2,106,671 (for his negative feedback discovery.1947, with J.O.Edson, "Pulse code modulation", Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 66:895.1946, "A multichannel microwave radio relay system", Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 65:798.1953, Modulation Theory, New York: D.van Nostrand.1988, Laboratory Management: Principles \& Practice, New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold.Further ReadingFor early biographical details see "Harold S. Black, 1957 Lamme Medalist", Electrical Engineering (1958) 77:720; "H.S.Black", Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Spectrum (1977) 54.KF
См. также в других словарях:
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers — (IEEE) Zweck: Förderung technologischer Innovationen zum Nutzen der Menschheit Vorsitz: Moshe Kam Gründungsdatum … Deutsch Wikipedia
Institute of Radio Engineers — Following several attempts to form a technical organization of wireless practitioners in 1908 1912, the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) was finally established in 1912 in New York. Among its founding organizations were the Society of Wireless… … Wikipedia
IEEE Spectrum — Infobox Journal Front cover of the July 2006 issue discipline = Electrical Engineering abbreviation = publisher = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers country = US history = website = http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/ ISSN = 0018 9235… … Wikipedia
National Institute of Technology Karnataka — National Institute of Technology Karnataka,Surathkal ರಾಷ್ಟೀಯ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಮಹಾವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ,ಸುರತ್ಕಲ್ राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान कर्नाटक,सूरतकल Motto Kannada: ಕಾಯಕವೇ ಕೈಲಾಸ Hindi … Wikipedia
Birla Institute of Technology and Science — Infobox University name = Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani िबरला प्रौद्योिगकी एवं विज्ञान संस्थान िपलानी established = 1929. Became Deemed University in 1964 type = Private city = Pilani (1929), India Goa (2004), India… … Wikipedia
New Jersey Institute of Technology — Established 1881 Type Public, research university Endowment $67.5 million … Wikipedia
Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering — Infobox University name = Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) motto = established = 1888 type = endowment = head = Professor Mark J.T. Smith city = flagicon|USA West Lafayette state = IN country = USA campus =… … Wikipedia
List of electrical engineering topics (alphabetical) — This page aims to list, alphabetically, all articles related to the specific discipline of electrical and electronics engineering. For a thematic list, please see List of electrical engineering topics. For the broad field of engineering, see List … Wikipedia
IEEE Circuits and Systems Society — The IEEE Circuits and Systems Society is a society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It is also known by the acronym IEEE CASS. In the hierarchy of IEEE, the Circuits and Systems Society is one of close to 40… … Wikipedia
IEEE Spectrum — Специализация: электротехника, электроника Периодичность: 1 номер в месяц Язык: английский Издатель: Инсти … Википедия
Acronym and initialism — For acronyms used on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Acronyms. Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations formed from the initial components in a phrase or name. These components may be individual letters (as in CEO) or parts of words (as in Benelux and … Wikipedia
